The invention discloses a monorail hoisting tail-to-head-type advance support system, and relates to the technical field of advance support of coal mine tunnels. The advance support system comprises unit-support-type hydraulic supports arranged on the two sides of a tunnel, movable steel beams erected between top beams of the unit-support-type hydraulic supports, hoisting machines arranged on the head side and the tail side, a rail installed below the steel beams and a monorail crane which moves on the rail. During operation, the hoisting machines are used for hoisting the tail supports, the steel beams and the rail to a hoisting range within which the monorail crane can conduct hoisting, the supports and the steel beams are conveyed to the head portion through the monorail crane, the supports are placed on appropriate positions through the hoisting machines, and the steel beam installation rail is erected. By means of the monorail hoisting tail-to-head-type advance support system, advance support without repeated support is achieved, support capacity of the unit-type supports is strong, the structure is compact, and the adaptability is strong; by means of the steel beams, even distribution of the support capacity of the unit-type supports is achieved, the support quality is improved, and the stability in the lifting process of the supports is improved; the monorail is high in running speed, small in size and good in adaptability. By means of the monorail hoisting tail-to-head-type advance support system, the requirement of modern coal mines for the advance support can be fully met.