The invention discloses a method for determining a crystal reciprocity primitive cell basis vector based on an EBSD pattern. A pattern center PC and a probe distance DD are utilized for geometrically correcting a chrysanthemum pool zone to obtain a reciprocal vector corresponding to the chrysanthemum pool zone, the component of the reciprocal vector corresponding to the chrysanthemum pool zone in the three-dimensional reciprocal space is determined, and therefore the reciprocal primitive cell basis vector is guided out; by the adoption of the method, false crystal cell information can be effectively removed; on the condition that the width error of the chrysanthemum pool zone is large, the size of the primitive cell is accurately recognized, and the basis vector of the primitive cell is determined.