The invention discloses a quick charging system for an unmanned aerial vehicle and a charging method thereof, wherein the quick charging system and the charging method belong to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle charging. The quick charging system for the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a supporting module, a positioning module and a charging module. The supporting module is used for assisting the unmanned aerial vehicle body in landing and supporting the unmanned aerial vehicle body. The positioning module is used for performing return positioning on the unmanned aerial vehicle body so that the unmanned aerial vehicle body lands on the supporting module. The charging module is used for controlling a charging process. The charging method according to the quick charging system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body returning step, an image acquiring and positioning step, a quick landing step, a charging step, etc. The charging process comprises three periods, namely pre-charging, multi-step constant-current charging and pulse charging. According to the quick charging system, the supporting module is combined with other modules for forming a complete charging system, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle body can accurately and quickly land on the supporting module, thereby greatly improving charging efficiency and realizing high autonomy and convenient use.