The invention discloses an alkane dehydrogenation catalyst. The catalyst adopts boron-containing alumina as a carrier, an active metal component is generally selected from one or more of platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium and osmium in the platinum family, and preferably Pt, the catalyst comprises two assistants comprising a first assistant Sn and a second assistant selected from one or more of K, Na and Mg, the weight percentage content of Pt in the catalyst is 0.1-1.0% and preferably 0.4-0.8, the weight percentage content of boron in the catalyst is 0.1-5% and preferably 1-3%, the weight percentage content of the first assistant Sn in the catalyst is 0.5-10% and preferably 1-3%, and the weight percentage content of the second assistant in the catalyst is 0.5-10% and preferably 1-3%. The catalyst has very good sulfur resistance, raw material sulfur injection is carried out to substantially increase the stability of the catalyst, and the active component of the catalyst inactivates permanently.