The invention discloses a virtual power plant-based distributed power supply combination planning system and a virtual power plant-based distributed power supply combination planning method. According to characteristics of output power of the distributed power supplies and according to historical output power of the uncontrolled distributed power supplies, an interval set of the output power of the uncontrolled distributed power supplies is obtained; in a planning and scheduling cycle, with the minimum deviation between the predicted output power of a combined distributed power supply and the expected capacity of a virtual power plant as an aim, a virtual power plant-based distributed power supply combination optimizing model is established, and the optimizing model is solved to obtain an optimal combining scheme of the distributed power supplies. Through establishment of the virtual power plant, the distributed power supplies can be flexibly and efficiently integrated, so that the problem that the distributed power supplies are connected into a power grid on a large scale is solved; through reasonable selection of types and capacities of the distributed power supplies, the problems such as power supply reliability caused by uncertainty of the output power of the distributed power supplies can be solved, and the utilization ratio of the distributed power supplies can be improved.