The invention provides a layered alumina-epoxy resin composite material containing whiskers perpendicular to a bed interface and in directional alignment and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic matrix composites. The composite material uses SiC whiskers and alumina nanometer powder as raw materials to form whisker reinforced layered framework by a self-assembly method; and then a liquid infiltration method is used to form a ceramic-epoxy resin alternating multilayer material. Silicon carbide whiskers in directional alignment and perpendicular to the bed interface exist in the multilayer material, so as to form a "whisker bridge" structure similar to a "mineral bridge" in a shell pearl layer. Mechanical property test shows that compared with the layered alumina-epoxy resin composite material without whisker, the invention realizes improvement of strength and toughness of the layered alumina epoxy resin composite material, and the preparation process is simple and low in cost.