The invention relates to a transmission scheduling method for network lifetime maximization that satisfies a fairness condition, and belongs to the field of wireless communication. The method includes modeling the problem of sensor node selection into a constraint Markov decision process, using a Bellman equation in dynamic programming to solve a CMDP problem, reducing computation complexity to obtain a final constraint optimal lifetime and an optimal strategy, and determining a sensor node selected at each time slot. Aiming at a circumstance that a wireless body area network needs to satisfy certain fairness in practical application, the method in the invention overcomes the defect of a conventional transmission scheduling method which only considers lifetime maximization but neglects fairness, maximizes the lifetime of the network while ensuring satisfaction of a fairness constraint condition, and thus is more suitable for a circumstance of monitoring multiple physiological parameters of a patient.