The invention discloses a molybdenum disulfide/mesoporous carbon composite electrode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an oleic acid molecule intercalation molybdenum disulfide precursor through a hydrothermal reaction by adopting oleic acid and sodium oleate as a structure-directing agent and sodium molybdate and thiourea as a molybdenum source and a sulfur source; introducing dopamine into an interlayer by virtue of a chemical reaction of dopamine and oleic acid molecules; self-polymerizing molybdenum disulfide interlayer dopamine to form poly(dopamine) by adopting a tri-block copolymer, polyoxyethylene-polypropylene oxide-polyxyethylene, as a soft template, and then performing a high-temperature carbonization process to prepare the mesoporous carbon-embedded molybdenum disulfide interlayer nano hybrid material. By embedding mesoporous carbon, not only can the interlayer distance of molybdenum disulfide be increased and the re-accumulation of nano-sheets be effectively prevented, but also the electronic conductivity of molybdenum disulfide can be remarkably improved. An electrochemical test result proves that as a lithium ion battery negative material, the molybdenum disulfide/mesoporous carbon composite electrode material has high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and excellent cycling performance, and can be widely applied to the field of lithium ion batteries.