The invention relates to a method for extracting petrologen in an oil shale and aims to solve the problems of complicated operating process and long operating time of the conventional method. The method comprises the following steps: 1, grinding the oil shale into oil shale particles with a certain particle size; 2, weighing and adding a certain amount of the oil shale particles and a hydrofluoric acid solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene tube, oscillating the polytetrafluoroethylene tube to enable the oil shale to be in full contact with the acid, putting the polytetrafluoroethylene tube into a microwave reactor, setting the microwave power, the microwave temperature and the microwave time, and performing quality enhancement treatment on the oil shale; 3, performing suction filtration on a sample through deionized water after the reaction is finished, washing the sample to neutrality, and drying to obtain the petrologen. The method disclosed by the invention is used for extracting the petrologen in the oil shale.