The invention discloses a portable poultry egg quality detection device and method. According to the device, a poultry egg support frame is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface in a box; a chute is formed in the poultry egg support frame, and a black case and a motor supporting plate are respectively fixed on the poultry egg support frame; a rack which can slide on the chute is connected with the chute; the rack is fixedly connected with one end of a driving lever; the other end of the driving lever stretches out of the box through a slot; a camera is arranged on the top of the rack; a sound pick-up is arranged inside a knocking rod; two sticks which are horizontally parallel to each other and have the equal heights are arranged on the top of the black case; the knocking rod is positioned just above the poultry eggs and is used for knocking the poultry eggs with different areas; the sound pick-up picks up an acoustic wave signal and transmits the signal to a tablet personal computer for judging whether a crack exists on each poultry egg; the driving lever is manually driven outside the box, so that the rack slides to the chute until the camera is positioned just above the poultry egg, and the egg shape index, the weight, the internal quality and other quality indexes of the poultry egg are obtained. By the adoption of the two-station design, the comprehensive quality indexes can be rapidly and accurately obtained, and the dynamic and online real-time detection on the poultry egg is realized.