The invention discloses a file transmission encoding method based on a complex network, and relates to the field of reliable transmission of wireless network data. The method comprises the processes as follows: the sizes of to-be-transmitted files are counted, and the to-be-transmitted files are grouped; a degree distribution is selected; and a new group, namely, a code symbol, is generated on the basis of multiple groups of to-be-output original files, so that the original file is transmitted in the network in a code symbol sequence form. According to the method, a mapping relation between middle and short ring structures of LT (Luby transform) codes and a corresponding complex network structure is established, detection is performed according to the complex network structure, short ring structures in the encoding process of the LT codes are avoided to the largest extent to improve the success probability of coding, and an efficient and reliable file transmission encoding scheme based on the complex network is constructed. By means of the method, transmission of data with a time-variant characteristic in a wireless channel is particularly facilitated, and a receiving end can receive less data and can restore original data, so that the bandwidth utilization ratio of the channel can be effectively increased, and the transmission delay is reduced.