The invention discloses a dyeing process for all-cotton fluorescent yarns. The process comprises the steps of winding, bleaching and dyeing. A dyeing solution uniformly penetrates through the yarns by reducing the density and the size of cheeses so as to reduce the chromatic aberration; by virtue of two times of bleaching, the whiteness of the yarns is improved; a fluorescent active dye and a common active dye are compounded according to a certain ratio and are used for dyeing the yarns and the ratio is determined according to required dyeing so as to guarantee that one-time dyed rate of dyeing is more than 90% and the dyeing defect is reduced to 2%; a weakly cationic softening agent is added into the dyeing solution; after dyeing is finished, a full-automatic rotary table is used for dehydrating so as to guarantee cheese molding and reduce a rewinding procedure, and furthermore, the fluorescent loss of the yarns is reduced.