The invention relates to a technological process for synthesizing gasoline from methanol by a multistage cold shock method. The technological process is characterized by comprising the following steps: a) a raw material methanol or crude methanol is pumped into a reaction system through a feedstock pump, wherein the raw material is divided into two parts: one part enters a methanol heater to generate a mixture of methanol, dimethyl ether and water in a methanol dehydration reactor, and the mixture is mixed with a recycle gas which comes from a compressor and finally enters an MTG reactor; the other part of methanol enters interlayers of the MTG rector by stages for cold shock; b) one part of reaction products in the MTG reactor enters the methanol heater to be used for heating the methanol feedstock, the other part enters a recycle gas heater to be used for heating the recycle gas, and the two parts are merged to enter a discharge cooler; and c) cooling materials are separated in a three-phase separator, part of gases discharged are dry gases, and most enters a recycle compressor for recycling; and liquid phases undergo phase splitting, light phases are hydrocarbon components such as gasoline and the like and enter a subsequent separation system, and a heavy phase is water and is discharged into a waste water treatment system.