A right tail-truncated type lifetime data distribution selection method comprises five steps, namely a step one of initially selecting a plurality of kinds of alternative lifetime distribution; a step two of respectively determining parameter maximum likelihood estimation in the alternative lifetime distribution; a step three of respectively determining the maximum values of alternative lifetime distribution log-likelihood functions; a step four of respectively determining the AIC-BIC value of each kind of alternative lifetime distribution; and a step five of carrying out distribution selection according to an information amount minimum principle, and preferentially considering a model with the minimum AIC value or a model with the minimum BIC value as lifetime distribution of right tail-truncated type product lifetime test data. The method is practical in data distribution selection work in reliability engineering, and technical support is provided for reliability assessment in engineering.