The invention provides a method for underground tunnel drilling construction and geological information inversing. The method comprises the steps as follows: establishing a coal bed geological model in a three-dimensional coordinate system according to a predication value; arranging a bedding tunnel and at least one row of drilling holes in the three-dimensional coordinate system in advance; drilling according to the pre-arranged drilling holes, and acquiring a series of geological information during drilling; inversing and correcting the coal bed geological model in the three-dimensional coordinate system according to the geological information; correcting walking directions of the bedding tunnel and the drilling holes in the three-dimensional coordinate system according to the corrected coal bed geological model; and excavating tunnels and performing drilling construction in the next turn according to the corrected geological model. By means of a three-dimensional design of the underground construction drilling holes, the actual geological information of the drilling holes are recorded, the actual space distribution pattern of each drilling coal layer is inversed, a stratum is reconstructed according to information of the position and the thickness of a coal layer, division of a rock stratum and the like, and abnormal geological structures of a fault and the like are forecasted, so that the guidance for safety production of tunnel excavation is provided, and the structural anomaly position is treated preliminarily to guarantee construction safety.