The invention discloses a compact overload oil supplementation valve with variable damping force; a valve sleeve comprises a fixed valve sleeve and a middle valve sleeve; a gap oil duct is arranged between the fixed valve sleeve and the middle valve sleeve; the middle valve sleeve can move relative to the fixed valve sleeve in an axial direction; one end of the fixed valve sleeve is fixed with an engineering machinery shell body ,and the gap oil duct h is communicated with an oil duct T; and the outwards-extending end of the middle valve sleeve extends out from one end of the fixed valve sleeve into the oil duct T and can cut off an oil duct A and the oil duct T. According to the compact overload oil supplementation valve with variable damping force, the characteristics of integrated functions and compact structure can be realized due to the split design of the valve sleeve. A low-pressure oil supplementation role can be played while a high-pressure overload protection role is played, i.e. the problem that an oil way produces serious vacuum and air pockets under special working conditions and thus causes noise, vibration, impact, creepage, cavitation and other damage to a hydraulic system is solved.