The invention provides a salicylic acid compound and a medicinal composition of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound can be added into a pharmaceutically permissible excipient to prepare various pharmaceutically acceptable medicinal preparations. Research proves that the compound disclosed by the invention has a protection effect on in-vitro cultured nerve cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide, the learning and memory capabilities and the neuron-pathologic change of patients with senile dementia and vascular dementia can be dose-dependently improved, and the compound can be used for effectively treating and/or preventing the neurodegenerative related disease.