The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing a high-speed railway track plate grinding wheel, in particular to an optimization method for topography of a soldering diamond-impregnated grinding wheel of a high-speed railway track plate. The optimization method comprises the steps: according to the mechanism of removing materials by the diamond of the revolving grinding wheel, carrying out mathematical analysis on the grinding process of single-layer diamond-soldered grinding wheel by combining grinding parameters so as to determine the optimal abrasive topography on the surface of the grinding wheel; adopting segmental distribution to the abrasive on the surface of the grinding wheel, wherein the optimal number of segments is larger than or equal to 65, the width of a chip groove of each segment is larger than 7.2mm, and the optimal area of the included angle between the each segment material distribution area and the vertical plane ranges from 55 degrees to 65 degrees. The optimization method determines the optimal topography of the soldering diamond-impregnated grinding wheel of the high-speed railway track plate, thereby playing optimal grinding performance of the soldering diamond-impregnated grinding wheel.