The invention discloses a film lubrication and heat transfer testing system for a high-speed friction pair, which comprises a testing system mechanical platform, an oil film thickness and temperature analog subsystem, a lubricating oil supply subsystem and a data acquisition and control subsystem. The testing system mechanical platform consists of a slider mounting support, a grinding head, an elastic coupler, a motor, a grinding head fixing support, a motor fixing support and a cast iron plate, the slider mounting support, the grinding head fixing support and the motor fixing support are sequentially arranged on the cast iron plate, the grinding head is disposed on the grinding head fixing support, the motor is arranged on the motor fixing support, and the grinding head, the elastic coupler and the motor are sequentially connected with each other. By the aid of the film lubrication and heat transfer testing system, analog tests for lubrication and heat transfer laws of the friction pair including a piston ring and a cylinder liner in an engine can be carried out, and the film lubrication and heat transfer testing system can also be used for research of lubrication and heat transfer laws of other friction pairs. In addition, the film lubrication and heat transfer testing system is provided with a high-precision capacitance type thickness sensor and a surface thermocouple, and can be used for quickly and accurately measuring the thickness of an oil film and the temperature of a surface.