The invention discloses a method and equipment for carrying out rapid and safe inspection on a liquid article by dual-energy CT (Computed Tomography) imaging. The method comprises the steps of: firstly obtaining a monolayer or multilayer CT image comprising physical attributes of the inspected liquid by virtue of CT scanning and a dual-energy reconstruction method; then obtaining the physical attribute value of each inspected liquid from the CT image by an image processing and analyzing method; and finally judging whether the inspected liquid article is a dangerous article or not according to the physical attribute value, wherein the CT scanning method can be realized by routine tomography CT scanning technique, and can also be realized by spiral CT scanning technique; and when the routine tomography CT scanning technique is used, a series of specific positions can be arranged for scanning, or the scanning positions can be appointed by an operator by virtue of an DR (Digital Radiography) image, or the liquid part position is determined by automatic analysis of the DR image so as to guide CT scanning.