The invention relates to a compression ignition type low-octane-value gasoline engine, which adopts a low-octane-value gasoline fuel and a compression ignition way. According to the compression ignition type low-octane-value gasoline engine, the compression ratio of a cylinder can reach 10-22; and because the low-octane-value gasoline is used, the cylinder pressure generated during work doing exceeds the cylinder pressure of the common gasoline engine using high-octane-value gasoline. The compression ignition type low-octane-value gasoline engine has the advantages of simple structure and lowfault rate. According to the compression ignition type low-octane-value gasoline engine, the thermal working efficiency is about 30 percent higher than that of the common gasoline engine, the greenhouse effect generated by emission is about 45 percent lower than that of the common gasoline engine. Because the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the low-octane-value gasoline is very low, and antiknockagents, such as MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether), MMT (Methyl-cyclopentadienyl-Manganese-Tricarbony) and the like do not need to be added, the novel gasoline engine is a clean, efficient and environment-friendly internal combustion engine.