The invention discloses a method for planting and harvesting garlic. In the method, an alternate rice and garlic planting technology, a straw covering technology, a lifelong no-tillage technology and a bamboo chip seed stalk extracting technology are mainly adopted, and corresponding assorted cultivating technologies are performed according to production seasons, so that the utilization ratio andyield of a cultivated land can be increased, garlic can easily obtain organic matters formed by decaying of rice root stalks, and the fertilizing amount is decreased; by adopting straw covering, straw returning can be realized effectively, an after manuring function is realized after the delaying of straws, humidifying, heat-preserving, weed reducing and refreshing effects can be played on garlicseeds and seedlings, the color, fragrance, tenderness and crispness characteristics of garlic can be kept invariant for a long time, and a garlic field can be free from tillage in the lifetime; and by adopting bamboo chip seed stalk extracting, functional leaves can be protected to be maximum extent, the physiological function of garlic leaves is kept invariant, and the quality and yield of garlic are improved. The method is easy to operate and has low cost; and moreover, the quality is stable and the comprehensive benefit is increased greatly.