The invention discloses an accelerated solvent extraction pretreatment method of gunpowder and explosive samples. The method is characterized mainly by processing gunpowder and explosive samples containing high-molecular components and energy-containing components into sample blocks with a certain size, and carrying out an accelerated solvent extraction process on the sample blocks at an appropriate extraction temperature by an appropriate extraction solvent. The method solves effectively the problems that in the existing pretreatment on gunpowder and explosive samples, an extraction process of organic components consumes long time and an extraction result has a poor repeatability, and provides reliable data for formula designs of gunpowder and explosive.