The invention discloses a bottom blowing flash oxidation comprehensive smelting process for antimony ores and a special comprehensive metallurgical furnace. The bottom blowing flash oxidation comprehensive smelting process comprises the following steps of: supplying heat by coking coal or lump coal; adding the coal and antimony lump ores into a hearth from the top of a furnace body, so that the lump ores perform an oxidation volatilization reaction on a charging bed; spraying fine ores into the furnace from the top or the upper part on the lateral surface of the furnace body, so that the fine ores perform a flash oxidation reaction in a reaction area of space on the upper part of the charging bed in the hearth; and performing the two reactions simultaneously, and discharging solid slag from the lateral surface on the lower part or the bottom of the hearth. The special comprehensive metallurgical furnace comprises the furnace body, wherein a batch charging opening for the lump coal or the coking coal and the lump ores is formed on the top of the furnace body. The special comprehensive metallurgical furnace is characterized in that: a nozzle for spraying the fine ores or air into the hearth is formed on the lateral surface or the top of the furnace body; the bottom of the furnace body is connected with a slag bucket and is provided with an airflow distribution plate; and air flue is formed on the furnace body, so that wind is supplied to the hearth vertically and upwards by the airflow distribution plate. The bottom blowing flash oxidation comprehensive smelting process has the characteristics of high charging column, thin charging bed, high furnace temperature, low coking rate and high adaptability on raw materials.