The invention belongs to the field of aerospace tests and relates to a test device for oil volume calibration of a large oil tank. The test device for the oil volume calibration of the large oil tank comprises a quantitative oil filling part 1 and a quantitative oil discharge part 2, wherein the quantitative oil filling part 1 consists of a measurement and control system 3, a pressure control valve 4, a flow control valve 5, a flow meter 6, an oil filling gun 7, a ground oil filling pipe 8 and a ground return oil pipe 9; and the measurement and control system 3 is connected with the pressure control valve 4, the flow control valve 5 and the flow meter 6 respectively. The device can greatly improve working efficiency and save test labor, material and time. When the device is used, the calibration test of an oil tank on a large plane can be easily accomplished by several people in one day, and the test data are accurate.