The invention discloses a preparation method of a loofah sponge surface lead ion imprinted absorbing material and the use of the loofah sponge surface lead ion imprinted absorbing material in metal ion absorption and belongs to natural high polymer material modification. In the method, the loofah sponge natural high polymer material is used as a support, and the surface of the material is modified with a lead ion imprinted polymer. The main technical characteristics of the method include: adding acylated loofah sponge, lead-dithizone complex, 4-vinylpyridine, ethylene dimethacrylate and azodiisobutyronitrile into a chloroform medium, removing oxygen by argon in a certain proportion; introducing argon to expel oxygen; reacting in a water bath at a constant temperature of 50 to 70 DEG C, filtering and washing; and performing Soxhlet extraction by using 0.10mol/L solution of HNO3 for 12 hours, removing template lead ions, washing, drying and obtaining the material. The material has specific lead ion identification capacity, high selectivity, high absorption speed and high desorption capacity, is widely available and biodegradable, can be prepared by a simple process and has regeneration capacity and the advantages of environmental friendliness and the like.