The invention relates to a process for extracting nickel-cobalt from laterite by using resin-in-pulp adsorption technology. The process comprises the following steps of: milling the laterite, and adding sulfuric acid into the milled laterite to perform high-pressure leaching; pouring the ore pulp after the leaching into a reaction kettle for neutral impurity removal; directly pouring the ore pulpafter the impurity removal into an adsorption tank to perform resin adsorption; adopting multilevel counter current absorption to perform desorption on the loaded resin so as to obtain pure nickel and cobalt mixed solution; and performing extraction separation to obtain a nickel-cobalt product. The resin can be used repeatedly after regeneration, the damaged resin is less, the service life of theresin is long, the desorption of the loaded resin and the regeneration of a poor resin are performed at normal temperature and normal pressure and are simple and easy to operate without a pressure vessel and heat regeneration device, thereby saving energy resources and reducing equipment investment. The ore pulp after adsorption is uniformly neutralized to reduce the tailings treating cost. The process shortens the technological process, reduces the liquid-solid separation burden, and reduces a great number of washing and filtering process steps, thereby reducing the production energy consumption and reducing the production cost. The process is simple, and the recovery rate of nickel and cobalt is over 90 percent.