The invention belongs to the technical field of adaptive optical imaging, relates to high-resolution imaging designs of retinas of high myopic eyes, and provides a liquid crystal adaptive retinal imaging optical system for aberration correction with self-regulating visibility. The optical system consists of a visibility adjusting subsystem, an eyeground illumination subsystem, and an adaptive imaging correction subsystem. An optotype point light source and an eyeground lighting point light source are imaged at a visible position in front of eyes through an optical design to stably obtain high-resolution retinal imaging of myopic eyes of over 800 degrees. The myopic aberration of the eyes is greatly reduced by using the self-regulating ability generated by the eyes by staring at the optotype at the visible position, so that the residual aberration depth meets the correction capability of a liquid crystal corrector, and the correcting range of a liquid crystal adaptive system is increased.