The invention provides an anti-explosion cooling purifying device for a hydrogen reducing furnace, mainly comprising a spray water inlet pipe, a spray water sleeve, an anti-explosion buffering cavity, a cooling water sleeve, a water-supplying pipe, an open buffering water tank, a floating ball valve, a U-shaped communicating pipe and a waste discharging pipe. The spray water inlet pipe and the spray water sleeve are used for rinsing and cooling tail gas from the hydrogen reducing furnace for reducing the temperature of the tail gas so as to eliminate part of dust, ammonia and moisture in hydrogen as well as reduce the burden of the hydrogen recovering and purifying system; and the anti-explosion buffering cavity, the U-shaped communicating pipe and the open buffering water tank and the water column are used for isolating air in the reducing furnace from air outside so as to achieve the functions of water sealing, pressure releasing and anti-explosion. The invention is suitable for various hydrogen reducing furnaces and has the advantages of reasonable design, simplicity and practicability, safety and reliability as well as evident effect.