The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring geometric sense of a large-sized tunnel duct piece component. A laser tracker is taken as a coordinate acquisition device; two measuring stations of the laser tracker are arranged for scanning coordinate information in all profiles, unifying a coordinate system through a common point, reading in data through software compiled by VC, fitting a plane by a least square method, and fitting a cambered surface by a radius constraint least square method, thereby evaluating the information of shapes and sizes. A measured value is registeredinto the CAD coordinate system by a best-fit algorithm method, and is compared with a CAD digital model phase. And then measurement reports are generated by two ways of figures and numerical values. The method makes full use of superior large-size measuring capability and self-developed data processing software of the laser tracker to effectively solve the difficult problem of precise measurementfor the geometric sense of duct piece components with small sectional angles and large sizes. The method can be widely used for measuring various geometric senses in manufacturing ships, planes and so on in sections.