The invention relates to a method for extracting bismuth from bismuth concentrate or materials containing bismuth. The method comprises the following steps: bismuth is selectively leached from the bismuth concentrate or the materials containing bismuth; the lixivium is initially purified and reduced; bismuth is extracted from the purified and reduced solution with organic amine as extracting agent; the bismuth is back extracted through a cooperation-back extraction method; the solution rich in bismuth obtained after back extraction can be directly used for preparing bismuth chemicals or extracting metal bismuth. The method is characterized in that the metal bismuth is purified and extracted or the bismuth chemicals are prepared through an extraction method, the process is closed and circulating and the pollution is small, and well solves the problems of high consumption, severe equipment corrosion, low bismuth recovery rate, high wastewater discharge and the like which commonly exist in the traditional wet bismuth extraction processes; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of strong raw material adaptability and high metal recovery rate.