The invention belongs to the field of medical device and provides a medical infusion speed monitoring and control system based on machine vision. The invention comprises an image collection device, a parameter input device, a data processor, a data display device, a dripping speed control device and an alarm prompting device. The data processor comprises an image processing module, a data display module, a data analyzing module, an alarm prompting module and a dropping speed control module. The invention uses an image processing method for calculating the infusion speed, which is stable and reliable. The invention solves the problems of inaccurate detection and complex operation caused by different infusion bottle/bag weight when detected using weighing principle and outside radiation source interference in the infrared light detecting method universally applied currently. The system is capable of automatically adjusting the infusion speed so that the infusion speed is equal /close to the inputted expected dropping speed. The invention is also capable of alarming to the abnormal condition occurs in non medical solution or/and other infusion process, which relieves the pain for patients, reduces the workload for medical staff and decreases the occurrence of medical malpractice.