The invention discloses a jadeite transparency detection method with a device, which relates to the jadeite quality detection technical field. The device includes a light source component, a light splitter, a signal process analyzer, a vertical scanning optical path module and a transverse scanning sample detection module. The lights emitted by the light source component are divided into a detection beam and a reference beam, which respectively go into the vertical scanning optical path module and the transverse scanning sample detection module. The reflection light passing through the vertical scanning optical path module is interfered by the reflection light passing through the transverse scanning sample detection module. The interference signals are acquired and are transformed into relative electric signals, which are transmitted to the signal process analyzer. A two-dimensional internal structure optical chromatography image of the detection part of the jadeite to be detected andthe data of the average scattering light intensity changing with the incident depth are obtained. The transparency of the jadeite sample is visually discriminated. The invention can display the distribution variation law of the jadeite transparency without limitations of the thickness of the jadeite sample and mosaic.