The portable double energy X-ray inspection device includes X-ray source carrying case, projecting camera obscura carrying case and controller carrying case. The filtering board inside the X-ray source carrying case is first controlled in the energy I position, the computer obtains the transmission image of the detected object and treats the transmission images in different greys by means of the FISCAN software package for the inspector to judge primarily. The filtering board is then set in the energy II position to obtain the new transmission image of the detected object, and the computer analyzes and treats these two digital images, calculates the equivalent atom sequence numbers of the object to distinguish organic matter, inorganic matter and mixture and displays in different colors.