Abstract:
Disclosed herein are phenylindane dicarboxylic acid (PIDA) monomers, polymer compositions comprising the PIDA monomers, and methods of preparing PIDA monomers. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.
Abstract:
Systems and methods for processing crude fatty acid stream that comprises short chain fatty acids and impurities are disclosed. The crude fatty acid stream is mixed with activated carbon or acidified activated carbon for a predetermined duration to produce a fatty acid product stream that comprises short chain fatty acids and an amount of impurities that is lower than the amount of impurities in the crude fatty acid stream.
Abstract:
An unleaded gasoline composition comprises, based on the total volume of the unleaded gasoline composition, 50 to 96 vol. % of an unleaded gasoline; 2 to 20 vol. % of a mixed butanol; and 2 to 30 vol. % of a distillate oil fraction comprising a paraffin, an olefin, a naphthene, and an aromatic at an initial boiling point cut of 180° C., wherein the unleaded gasoline, the mixed butanol, and the distillate oil fraction are selected to provide the unleaded gasoline composition with a Research Octane Number of 90 to 101, determined in accordance with ASTM D 2699; and a Motor Octane Number of 81.4 to 90, determined in accordance with ASTM D 2700.
Abstract:
A method of reducing the formation of an impurity in a terephthalic acid (TPA) production process includes: combining in a reactor, a catalyst, a mixture comprising the impurity and the TPA, and a compound comprising an active carbon atom; reacting the impurity with the compound in the presence of the catalyst by a condensation-dehydration reaction process comprising a nucleophilic addition of the active carbon atom of the compound to a carbonyl group of the impurity to form an intermediate followed by a dehydration reaction of the intermediate to form a product mixture comprising a water, the TPA, and an alkene; and recovering the product mixture from the reactor.
Abstract:
A method of removing an aromatic carboxy-aldehyde from an aromatic acid or the corresponding anhydride includes reacting a hydroxylamine-containing compound with the aromatic carboxy-aldehyde to form a reaction mixture including the corresponding nitrone. A phthalic acid or corresponding anhydride prepared according to the method is also described herein. A method for the manufacture of a phenyl dicarboxylic acid includes oxidizing a xylene to provide a stream including the phenyl dicarboxylic acid and the corresponding carboxybenzaldehyde and toluic acid contaminants, reacting a hydroxylamine-containing compound with the carboxybenzaldehyde in the stream to form a reaction mixture including the corresponding nitrone, wherein the nitrone is water soluble, and crystallizing the phenyl dicarboxylic acid or the corresponding anhydride from water to provide the purified phenyl dicarboxylic acid or the corresponding anhydride. A phenyl dicarboxylic acid prepared according to the above method represents another embodiment.
Abstract:
An unleaded gasoline composition comprises, based on the total volume of the unleaded gasoline composition, 50 to 96 vol. % of an unleaded gasoline; 2 to 20 vol. % of a mixed butanol; and 2 to 30 vol. % of a distillate oil fraction comprising a paraffin, an olefin, a naphthene, and an aromatic at an initial boiling point cut of 180° C., wherein the unleaded gasoline, the mixed butanol, and the distillate oil fraction are selected to provide the unleaded gasoline composition with a Research Octane Number of 90 to 101, determined in accordance with ASTM D 2699; and a Motor Octane Number of 81.4 to 90, determined in accordance with ASTM D 2700.
Abstract:
A process for preparing a gasoline octane boosting composition, including contacting a pyrolysis oil with a non-thermal oxygen plasma to produce an oxidized pyrolysis oil; and mixing the oxidized pyrolysis oil with a gasoline additive to produce the gasoline octane boosting composition. The gasoline octane boosting composition can be used in a gasoline blend.
Abstract:
A method of reducing the formation of an impurity in a terephthalic acid (TPA) production process includes: combining in a reactor, a catalyst, a mixture comprising the impurity and the TPA, and a compound comprising an active carbon atom; reacting the impurity with the compound in the presence of the catalyst by a condensation-dehydration reaction process comprising a nucleophilic addition of the active carbon atom of the compound to a carbonyl group of the impurity to form an intermediate followed by a dehydration reaction of the intermediate to form a product mixture comprising a water, the TPA, and an alkene; and recovering the product mixture from the reactor.
Abstract:
A method of purifying a stream having an aromatic carboxy-aldehyde and an aromatic acid or the corresponding anhydride is described. The method includes reacting a hydroxylamine-containing compound with the aromatic carboxy-aldehyde in the stream to form a reaction mixture including the corresponding nitrone; adding an aqueous solvent to the reaction mixture, in an amount and under conditions effective to solubilize the nitrone but not the organic acid or the corresponding anhydride; and separating the solubilized nitrone from the non-solubilized organic acid. The nitrone is a water soluble nitrone.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are phenylindane dicarboxylic acid (PIDA) monomers, polymer compositions comprising the PIDA monomers, and methods of preparing PIDA monomers. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.