Abstract:
Embodiments include a memory array and a method of forming the memory array. A memory array includes a first dielectric over first metal traces, where first metal traces extend along a first direction, second metal traces on the first dielectric, where second metal traces extend along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and third metal traces on the second dielectric, where third metal traces extend along the first direction. The memory array includes a ferroelectric capacitor positioned in a trench having sidewalls and bottom surface, where the trench has a depth defined from a top surface of first metal trace to the top surface of third metal trace. The memory array further includes an insulating sidewall, a first electrode, a ferroelectric, and a second electrode disposed in the trench, where the trench has a rectangular cylinder shape defined by the first, second, and third metal traces.
Abstract:
A method is described. The method includes forming bit line structures above bitline contact structures, forming a first material on top surfaces and sidewall surfaces of the bit line structures to establish step structures for via formation, and forming a second material on the top surface of the first material. Capacitor landing structures are formed by patterning the second material.
Abstract:
Methods and systems to read a logic value stored in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based memory cell based on a pulsed read current, with time between pulses to permit the MTJ to relax towards the magnetization orientation between the pulses, which may reduce build-up of momentum within the MTJ, and which may reduce and/or eliminate inadvertent re-alignment of a magnetization orientation. A sequence of symmetric and/or non-symmetric pulses may be applied to a wordline (WL) to cause a pre-charged bit line (BL) capacitance to discharge a pulsed read current through the MTJ, resulting in a corresponding sequence of voltage changes on the BL. The BL voltage changes may be integrated over the sequence of read current pulses, and a stored logic value may be determined based on the integrated voltage changes. The pre-charged BL capacitance may also serve as the voltage integrator.
Abstract:
A carboxylic polybenzimidazole includes at least one of the following functional group of formula (I): wherein G is a group containing a carboxylic acid end group or a carboxylated end group.
Abstract:
An optical fiber network test method of an optical frequency domain reflectometer, which is to use the optical testing apparatus and method of the prevent invention to combine the characters of filtering, reflecting and transmission of light of the wave reflecting unit, applying on any optical fiber test or point-to-point or point-to-multipoint optical fiber network. Thus, the optical fiber testing apprartus and method is constructed, and the goals of achieving the optical fiber network test method of the optical frequency domain reflectometer or confirming simultaneously the position of the barrier router and the barrier optical fiber connection point/end point/start point can be accomplished.
Abstract:
An optical fiber network test method of an optical frequency domain reflectometer, which is to use the optical testing apparatus and method of the prevent invention to combine the characters of filtering, reflecting and transmission of light of the wave reflecting unit, applying on any optical fiber test or point-to-point or point-to-multipoint optical fiber network. Thus, the optical fiber testing apprartus and method is constructed, and the goals of achieving the optical fiber network test method of the optical frequency domain reflectometer or confirming simultaneously the position of the barrier router and the barrier optical fiber connection point/end point/start point can be accomplished.
Abstract:
Techniques for detecting and responding to attacks on computer and network systems including denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A packet is classified as potentially being an attack packet if it matches an access control list (ACL) specifying one or more conditions. One or more actions may be performed responsive to packets identified as potential attack packets. These actions may include dropping packets identified as potential attack packets for a period of time, rate limiting a port over which the potential attack packets are received for a period of time, and other actions.
Abstract:
Techniques for detecting and responding to attacks on computer and network systems including denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A packet is classified as potentially being an attack packet if it matches an access control list (ACL) specifying one or more conditions. One or more actions may be performed responsive to packets identified as potential attack packets. These actions may include dropping packets identified as potential attack packets for a period of time, rate limiting a port over which the potential attack packets are received for a period of time, and other actions.
Abstract:
A spinal dynamic stabilization device for maintaining an anatomical height between two adjacent vertebras is provided. Each vertebra includes a spinous process and two symmetric pedicles. The spinal dynamic stabilization device includes a supporting member, at least one anchoring member, and at least one connecting member. The supporting member is disposed between the spinous processes. The anchoring member is fixed in one of the vertebra via one of the pedicles. The connecting member connects the supporting member to the anchoring member, fixing a relative position between the supporting member and the anchoring member, further fixing a relative position between the vertebras.