摘要:
The flow rate is determined from the heat transferred from an electrically heated wire stretched in a fluid flow to the fluid. The wire is placed not on a plane normal to the flow but within a section of the fluid passage bounded by two spaced planes normal to the flow. Preferably the wire is composed of series of line segments which are distributed evenly not only around the central axis of the passage but also in the direction of the flow so that the heat release from the wire in its entirety corresponds to the mean value of fluid velocities at various points.
摘要:
A fluid measuring device comprises flow meter for measuring quantities of flow or flow rates of fluid and flow rectifiers arranged upstream and downstream of the flow meter, whose rectifier elements or cells are sized and positioned such that a ratio W.sub.1 /D of a smaller width W.sub.1 of the cells to an inner diameter D of a passage for the fluid is less than 0.2 and a ratio L/W.sub.1 of a distance L between the flow meter and the upstream flow rectifier to the smaller width W.sub.1 of the cell is within 5.ltoreq.L/W.sub.1 .ltoreq.25, thereby improving an accuracy of measurement without increasing losses of pressure.
摘要:
A Karman vortex type flow rate measuring apparatus is provided with a plurality of vortex shedding members each having a different effective width, and a plurality of vortex detecting elements. The distance between the vortex detecting elements is so selected that it coincides with the distance between the vortices of some one of the vortex trains induced by respective vortex shedding members. The apparatus enables a positive and accurate detection of the vortices, and a compensation for drop out of the vortex shedding.
摘要:
A slot of a vortex generating body in which alternating fluid flow occurs in response to shedding of vortexes from the body is narrowed at the middle section thereof where a fluid flow sensing element such as a hot wire is located.
摘要:
In a feedback control system for maintaining the air/fuel ratio of a combustible mixture fed to an internal combustion engine at a preset ratio based on the output of an exhaust sensor, a control signal producing circuit having a proportional amplifier and/or an integrator is constructed so as to vary the proportionality constant or the time constant for the integration in dependence on the temperature and flow velocity of the exhaust gas, with a purpose of avoiding an error in the control attributable to a variation in the output characteristic of the exhaust sensor with variations in the condition of the exhaust gas by superficially shifting the aim of the control from the preset ratio to a provisional ratio.
摘要:
A reference voltage, which is compared with an output voltage of an exhaust gas sensor in a differential signal generator of an electronic closed loop air-fuel ratio control system, changes depending upon a mean value of an output of the exhaust gas sensor provided in an exhaust pipe extending from an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the magnitude of the reference voltage is limited in such a manner as to be within a predetermined range, or in other words, the magnitude of the reference voltage is limited at at least one of an upper and a lower values thereof.
摘要:
A solid electrolyte tube closed at one end and two porous electrode layers respectively coated on the outer and inner surfaces of the electrolyte tube constitute a known oxygen concentration cell. A tubular metal shell encloses the electrolyte tube partly such that a closed end portion of the tube protrudes from the shell and that the outer electrode coating is locally in contact with the inside of the shell, and a metal tube is partly and fixedly inserted into the bore of the electrolyte tube to serve both as an inner conductor and as an air admitting conduit. To protect the open end of the electrolyte tube against splashing of water during use, an annular ceramic pad is placed on the open end face of the electrolyte tube allowing the metal tube to pass therethrough, and a tubular cap which is shaped to tightly sheathe the ceramic pad is fixed at one end to the shell to prevent the ceramic pad from parting from the end face of the electrolyte tube.
摘要:
A valve device has a pressure chamber, which is connected to a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet and retains liquid, and a pressure regulator decreasing the pressure in the pressure chamber to a predetermined level. The pressure regulator has a pressure receiving member. When the pressure in the pressure chamber becomes lower than the predetermined level, the pressure receiving member is elastically deformed in an inward direction of the pressure chamber. The pressure regulator generates actuation force greater than the pressing force produced by the elastic deformation of the pressure receiving member. The pressure regulator is configured to be opened by the actuation force. When the pressure regulator is open, a fluid supply from the liquid inlet to the pressure chamber is permitted. It is thus possible to minimize the valve device.
摘要:
A recording sheet package includes a stack of plural recording sheets. A packaging body contains the recording sheets. The packaging body or the recording sheets include humidity and temperature indicators which allows the degradation of the recording sheets to be compensated for in the course of thermal printing. A detection cutout is formed in the packaging body, for receiving insertion of a sheet remainder counter. The sheet remainder counter is allowed to push the recording sheets in a thickness direction thereof. The sheet remainder counter is adapted to detect a number of remaining ones of the recording sheets in the packaging body.