Abstract:
The network system is provided. The network system includes: a first processing apparatus configured to provide a specific service; a second processing apparatus configured to provide the specific service, the first processing apparatus and the second processing apparatus having one identical address; a client apparatus configured to utilize the specific service; and a network relay apparatus connected directly or indirectly via interfaces to the first processing apparatus, the second processing apparatus, and the client apparatus and configured to relay packet transmission between the client apparatus and the first processing apparatus or the second processing apparatus, wherein the network relay apparatus forwards a received packet, which is received via the interface connecting with the client apparatus to be sent to the address as a destination, to one processing apparatus in a state enabled to provide the specific service between the first processing apparatus and the second processing apparatus.
Abstract:
When the provider edge PE1 detects the occurrence of a failure at the access line AL1, it sends the label withdraw message to the virtual circuit VC1, and when the provider edge PE2 receives the label withdraw message sent via the virtual circuit VC1, the access line AL2 is put to a link down state, and when the customer edge CE2 detects the link down state of the access line AL2, it switches from the normal path to the redundant path.
Abstract:
A phospholipid derivative represented by the following formula (1) wherein each symbol is as described in the specification; a liposome containing the phospholipid derivative, and the like.
Abstract:
When a network apparatus of this invention receives an IEEE 802.3ad link application control packet from a subscriber line with a VPWS function, it processes the packet in a control unit without relaying the packet by VPWS. More specifically, the network apparatus receives an IEEE802.3ad link aggregation control packet along with receiving an IEEE802.3x flow control packet. The network apparatus transmits a link aggregation control packet. The network apparatus also relays other layer 2 control protocol packets without receiving them, and does not transmit the other layer 2 control protocol packets.
Abstract:
In the case of detection of failure on a direct link interconnecting Master and Backup upstream switches, a control module of the Master upstream switch sends a partial failure message representing the occurrence of partial failure in the Master upstream switch via any of multiple lines connected to multiple ports of the Master upstream switch to the Backup upstream switch. Upon reception of the partial failure message from the Master upstream switch, a control module of the Backup upstream switch identifies partial failure occurring in the Master upstream switch and keeps the Backup operating status of the Backup upstream switch. Upon no reception of the partial failure message from the Master upstream switch, on the other hand, the control module of the Backup upstream switch identifies total failure occurring in the Master upstream switch and switches over the operating status of the Backup upstream switch from Backup to Master. In the event of failure occurring in the Master upstream switch, this arrangement effectively prevents unintentional interruption of data communication but ensures normal data communication in a network without causing the double-master state and the control loop in the network.
Abstract:
A Provider Edge PE3 replicates a received packet and relays these to virtual circuits VC1, VC2 respectively, and Provider Edges PE2, PE2 respectively receive the packets from the virtual circuits VC1, VC2, whereupon the Provider Edges PE2, PE2, on the basis of an agreement between them, decide to handle the received packets such that one of the edges relays the packet to a Customer Edge CE1 for forwarding to a Host A, while the other edge discards the packet without relaying it to the Customer Edge CE1.
Abstract:
In the case of detection of failure on a direct link interconnecting Master and Backup upstream switches, a control module of the Master upstream switch sends a partial failure message representing the occurrence of partial failure in the Master upstream switch via any of multiple lines connected to multiple ports of the Master upstream switch to the Backup upstream switch. Upon reception of the partial failure message from the Master upstream switch, a control module of the Backup upstream switch identifies partial failure occurring in the Master upstream switch and keeps the Backup operating status of the Backup upstream switch. Upon no reception of the partial failure message from the Master upstream switch, on the other hand, the control module of the Backup upstream switch identifies total failure occurring in the Master upstream switch and switches over the operating status of the Backup upstream switch from Backup to Master. In the event of failure occurring in the Master upstream switch, this arrangement effectively prevents unintentional interruption of data communication but ensures normal data communication in a network without causing the double-master state and the control loop in the network.