公开(公告)号：US4497542A

公开(公告)日：1985-02-05

申请号：US269141

申请日：1981-06-01

Applicant: Wilbur I. Kaye

Inventor： Wilbur I. Kaye

IPC: G02F1/1335 ,  G02F1/139 ,  G02F1/137 ,  G02F1/135

CPC classification number: G02F1/1335 ,  G02F1/1393

Abstract: In an optical instrument including a birefringent liquid crystal cell of the type consisting of a pair of transparent plates and a zero-twist, nematic-phase, liquid crystal material with a positive dielectric anisotropy between the plates, the liquid crystal molecules being oriented in and tilting in a plane perpendicular to the cell plates, a beam of light being conducted through the cell, generally normal to the plates thereof, it has been observed that if all of the rays of the beam are not collimated, each ray will suffer a different retardation in passing through the cell and this is unacceptable in most applications. This problem is minimized, according to the present invention, by using a filament light source positioned with the filament axis normal to the plane of the tilting molecule axes or by using two liquid crystal cells between a pair of polarizers, one of the cells being rotated 180.degree. relative to the other about an axis normal to the plates thereof whereby the liquid crystal molecules of the cells tilt in opposite directions.

Abstract translation: 在包括由一对透明板和在板之间具有正介电各向异性的零扭曲向列相液晶材料的双折射液晶元件的光学仪器中，液晶分子被取向 在垂直于单元板的平面中倾斜，通常通过电池的光束通常垂直于电池板，已经观察到，如果光束的所有光线都不准直，则每根光线将遭受不同的光束 通过细胞的延迟，这在大多数应用中是不可接受的。 根据本发明，根据本发明，通过使用将灯丝轴定位为垂直于倾斜分子轴的平面的灯丝光源或通过在一对偏振器之间使用两个液晶单元来使得该单元中的一个旋转 围绕与其平板平行的轴线相对于另一个180°，从而液晶单元的液晶分子在相反的方向上倾斜。

公开(公告)号：US4437763A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-20

申请号：US335021

申请日：1981-12-28

Applicant: Wilbur I. Kaye

Inventor： Wilbur I. Kaye

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01J3/00 ,  H01J40/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/276 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2001/4453

Abstract: Gain hysteresis exhibited by the photomultiplier detector of a single beam spectrophotometer is reduced by illuminating the detector and applying dynode voltage thereto during the normal "off" or "idle" interval of the spectrophotometer.

公开(公告)号：US4394069A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-19

申请号：US45725

申请日：1979-06-05

Applicant: Wilbur I. Kaye

Inventor： Wilbur I. Kaye

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G02F1/1347 ,  G02F1/139 ,  G02F1/13

CPC classification number: G02F1/13473 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02F1/1393 ,  G02F2203/055

Abstract: Moderately narrow band, tunable, birefringent filters are disclosed using zero-twist liquid crystal cells as variable retarders in a Lyot-type birefringent filter. These filters can achieve analytically useful levels of resolution and stray-light ratios for costs that are competitive with prism and grating monochromators. These birefringent filters can be tuned and/or rendered opaque by the application of a suitable voltage to the cells. Thus, a variety of different optical instruments can be constructed with no moving parts. Power requirements are negligible. A useful filter can be designed to occupy a volume less than one cubic inch. These properties render such a filter ideally suited to microprocessor control.

Abstract translation: 公开了使用零扭转液晶单元作为Lyot型双折射滤光器中的可变延迟器的中等窄带，可调谐双折射滤光器。 这些滤波器可以实现与棱镜和光栅单色仪竞争的成本的分析有用的分辨率和杂散光比。 这些双折射滤光器可以通过向电池施加合适的电压来调节和/或变得不透明。 因此，可以构造各种不同的光学仪器，没有移动部件。 功率要求可忽略不计。 可以设计有用的过滤器以占据小于1立方英寸的体积。 这些特性使这种过滤器非常适合微处理器控制。

公开(公告)号：US4367404A

公开(公告)日：1983-01-04

申请号：US165530

申请日：1980-07-03

Applicant: Wilbur I. Kaye

Inventor： Wilbur I. Kaye

IPC: H01J43/02 ,  H01J43/30 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01J43/02 ,  H01J43/30

Abstract: Output current hysteresis exhibited by a multiple-dynode photomultiplier detector is reduced by inactivating one or more of the dynodes by shorting to the detector anode, and operating the detector with the reduced number of active dynodes while retaining the anode as the output current supply terminal.

Abstract translation: 通过使检测器阳极短路而使一个或多个倍增电极失效，并且在保持阳极作为输出电流源端子的情况下以减少的有效倍增电极数量操作检测器，来减少多倍增电极光电倍增管检测器的输出电流滞后。

公开(公告)号：US4027973A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-07

申请号：US375930

申请日：1973-07-02

Applicant: Wilbur I. Kaye

Inventor： Wilbur I. Kaye

IPC: G01N21/51 ,  G01N21/22

CPC classification number: G01N21/51

Abstract: Detector apparatus for a laser light scattering photometer of the type for measuring radiant power scattered from a sample at a selectable angle with respect to the direction of an incident beam of radiant power and for measuring radiant power transmitted through the sample in the direction of the incident beam. The improved detector apparatus receives and detects the scattered power and the transmitted power and provides an output indicative of the radiant power of each independent of the spatial properties of the two beams. The detector apparatus comprises a planar diffuser spaced from and parallel to the large area end-window of a photomultiplier detector, the diffuser diffusing the energy over the surface of the end-window. The diffuser and photomultiplier detector are positioned within a cylindrical container which is enclosed at the end thereof in front of the diffuser, the enclosed end of the container having an aperture therein through which the beams pass to the diffuser. By making the inside surface of the cylindrical container, and the end thereof, highly reflective, the energy which is reflected from the end-window of the detector is reflected back thereto preventing a loss of sensitivity. A high pass filter-spacer may be positioned between the diffuser and the photomultiplier to reduce the detector's sensitivity to ambient light, such sensitivity being further reduced by the container, into which the ambient light can pass only through the aperture therein.

Abstract translation: 一种激光散射光度计的检测装置，用于测量从样品散射的辐射功率相对于入射光束的方向以可选择的角度辐射功率的方向，并用于测量通过样品沿着入射方向透射的辐射功率 光束。 改进的检测器装置接收和检测散射功率和发射功率，并提供指示每个辐射功率的输出的输出，独立于两个波束的空间属性。 检测器装置包括与光电倍增管检测器的大面积端窗隔开并平行的平面扩散器，扩散器将能量扩散到端窗的表面上。 扩散器和光电倍增管检测器位于圆柱形容器内，该容器在其末端包围在扩散器的前面，容器的封闭端部具有一个孔，光束通过该孔通过扩散器。 通过使圆柱形容器的内表面和其端部具有高反射性，从检测器的端窗反射的能量被反射回来，防止了灵敏度的损失。 高通滤波器间隔器可以位于扩散器和光电倍增器之间，以减少检测器对环境光的敏感性，这样的灵敏度由容器进一步减小，环境光可以仅通过其中通过其中的孔。