Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described wherein a block chain or block chain network can be created and the mining of new blocks can be limited to certain actors holding a specific set of private keys and verified by the corresponding public keys accessible to consumers interested in validating the block chain. These keys are stored in software or on specific hardware devices designed to not reveal the private key. Only blocks mined using those keys are acceptable on the block chain. The signing of the blocks in the particular block chain is integrated in such a fashion as to be integral to the proof of work for the block chain.