An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that uses voltage-based signal processing and time-based signal processing to convert an analog input signal to a digital output signal is disclosed. In some embodiments, the ADC has a voltage-based signal processing element configured to receive an input signal and to generate a first digital signal having a plurality of most significant bits and a residue voltage. A residue offset circuit is configured to provide a residue offset voltage to the residue voltage. A voltage-to-time conversion element is configured to convert a sum of the residue voltage and the residue offset voltage to a time domain representation, and a time-based signal processing element is configured to convert the time domain representation to a second digital signal having a plurality of least significant bits.