Disclosed is a pilot allocation method based on coherence time for a large-scale multiple input multiple-output (MIMO) system. The present invention achieves optimal allocation of pilot resources by fully utilizing the feature that different users possibly have different moving speeds and coherence time of corresponding channels is accordingly different, thereby improving overall data transmission performance of the system and achieving certain practicability. Moreover, the present invention effectively uses limited transmission resources in the case of limited total transmission resources, thereby improving overall data transmission performance of the system and effectively reducing pilot contamination.