Systems and methods are provided for filling syringes, e.g., for use during pneumatic retinopexy or other medical procedures. In one embodiment, the system includes a housing carrying a gas canister including an outlet communicating with a fluid path extending from the outlet to a syringe cavity. A syringe includes a barrel receivable in the syringe cavity such that a port of the barrel communicates with the fluid path. An actuator is provided on the housing for selectively opening the outlet of the gas canister to deliver gas therein along the fluid path into the interior of the barrel, thereby causing the plunger to move from a distal position to a proximal position.