The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A filter bank-based channel state report and resource allocation method and an apparatus for use in a wireless communication system are provided. The channel state report method of a receiver in a filter bank-based wireless communication system includes receiving filter bank information on at least two filter banks from a transmitter, measuring a channel state of the each of at least two filter banks based on the filter bank information, and transmitting channel state information, which is generated based on the measurement result, to the transmitter.