Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for an initial access over a wireless LAN. The method for an initial access by a station (STA) comprises: a step in which the STA receives initial access setup information from an access point (AP); and a step in which the STA determines whether to implement the initial access on the basis of the initial access setup information and the initial access decision information of the STA. Accordingly, the initial access of the STA can be distributed.