Methods and apparatus for target identification are disclosed. Example methods disclosed herein to respond to a target identification interrogation include aligning an optical transceiver based on a detected optical signal to establish an optical communication link with a target detector, receiving a first signal from the target detector using the optical communication link, extracting a first code from the first signal, and transmitting a second signal using the communication link, wherein the second signal is encoded with a second code based on the first code of the first signal.