An explosive detection apparatus capable of maintaining high availability even in an environment containing a large amount of foreign substances is achieved. The explosive detection apparatus includes means for sequentially replacing a plurality of collection thermal vaporization filters 2 for collecting, heating, vaporizing particles, which have been prepared in advance. The explosive detection apparatus also includes a preheating unit 52 for preheating an unused filter, and sealing is performed by a seal portion between the plurality of filters.