Implementation manners of the present invention provide a data storage method and apparatus. A fixed-length key and a value thereof are stored into a first data block, where the storing a fixed-length key includes: uniformly storing a common prefix of each fixed-length key, and separately storing a remainder part of each fixed-length key after the common prefix is removed; and a variable-length key and a length thereof are stored into a second data block, where the storing a variable-length key includes: storing a variable-length key of a base-key type in a full storage manner, and performing prefix compression on a variable-length key of a prefix-compressed key type.