A data storage device is disclosed comprising a disk comprising a plurality of tracks and a head actuated over the disk, wherein the head comprises a read element radially offset from a write element. A first pattern is written to a single track, and the first pattern is read from the single track to generate a first read signal from which a first quality metric is generated. A second pattern is written to the single track, wherein the second pattern is different from the first pattern. The second pattern is read from the single track to generate a second read signal from which a second quality metric is generated. The radial offset of the read element and write element is measured based on the first and second quality metrics.