A resilient device authentication system and method comprising: one or more verification authorities (VAs) including a memory loaded with a complete verification set that includes hardware part-specific data, and configured to create a limited verification set (LVS) therefrom; one or more provisioning entities (PEs) each connectable to at least one of the VAs, including a memory loaded with a LVS, and configured to select a subset of data therefrom so as to create an application limited verification set (ALVS). Also disclosed is a device comprising a controller, device memory, input/output capable of communicating with the authentication system, and a physically-unclonable function associated with hardware part-specific information corresponding to hardware part-specific data in the loaded CVS. Further disclosed is an authentication system including hardware security modules.